4. Control Structures
If-Else
// Defining a variable 'number' and assigning it the value 5
def number = 5
// The 'if' statement checks if the number is divisible by 2 with no remainder
if (number % 2 == 0) {
// This block executes if the number is even (i.e., divisible by 2)
println "${number} is even"
} else {
// This block executes if the number is not divisible by 2 (i.e., it's odd)
println "${number} is odd"
}
For loop
// Groovy script with a traditional C-style for loop
// The 'for' loop starts here
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { // Initialize 'i' to 0, run loop while 'i' is less than 5, increment 'i' after each loop
println "Iteration ${i}" // Print the current iteration number, 'i', using Groovy's string interpolation
}
While loop
def count = 5
// Start of the while loop. It will run as long as 'count' is greater than 0.
while (count > 0) {
// Print the current value of 'count' to the console.
println "Count: ${count}"
// Decrease the value of 'count' by 1.
count--
}[Hint: Don't forget to decrease the value of the variable count. Without this decrement, 'count' would always remain greater than 0, causing the loop to repeat indefinitely.]
Switch statement
def fruit = 'Apple'
// Start of the switch statement for the variable 'fruit'
switch (fruit) {
// First case: if the fruit is 'Apple'
case 'Apple':
// Print a message to the console
println 'Fruit is an apple.'
// Exit the switch block after executing this case
break
// Second case: if the fruit is 'Banana'
case 'Banana':
// Print a message to the console
println 'Fruit is a banana.'
// Exit the switch block after executing this case
break
// Default case: if the fruit is neither 'Apple' nor 'Banana'
default:
// Print a message to the console
println "Unknown fruit"
}[Tip: The break keyword is crucial in preventing 'fall-through'. Without it, the program would continue executing the subsequent cases even after finding a match.]
[Tip: The default case is executed if no condition of the switch applies ]
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